Rivet setting machine



Sept. 8, 1936. L. c. HUCK ET AL, I

RIVET SETTING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed June 6, 1952 vTORN EY5.

Sept. 8, 1936. 4 c. HUCK ET AL 2,053,718

RIVET SETTING MACHINE Original Filed-June 6, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Gear 6 7? 6794 Mar, A 9% /7( /ATTORNEY5 Patented Sept. 8, 1936 RIVET SETTING MACHINE Louis C. Huck, Grosse Pointe Village, and George T. Chapman,

Detroit, Mich., assignors, by

direct and mesne assignments, to Huxon Holding Corporation, Detro of Michigan Application June 6, 1

it, Mich., a corporation 932, Serial No. 615,544

- Renewed November 25, 19 35 36 Claims. (01. 218-19) The invention relates to fastening mechanisms and it has particular relation to an apparatus for applying rivets to structural elements for securing them together.

The machine illustrated and hereinafter described particularly is adapted to set rivets of the general type shown and described in the copending application for patent of Louis C. Huck relating to rivets, Serial No. 545,004, filed June 1'7, 1931. The rivet may comprise a female memher having a tubular body portion and a rivet head preferably initially formed at one end thereof, which cooperates with a male member extending longitudinally therethrough and which has a head at one end engaging that part of the female member opposite the head thereon. The rivet as thus assembled may be inserted through openings in a plurality of structural elements to be connected thereby, until the rivet head, on the female member engages the side of the structure adjacent thereto. The shank of the male member projects outwardly from the rivet head of the female member and by pulling it through the female member in a direction outwardly from the head of the latter, and applying the reactionary force of such manipulation to the head of the female member, the end body portion of the latter may be formed with a head at the opposite side of the structure.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a light, compact and sturdy rivetsetting machine or gun for setting rivets of the general character previously described, which may be readily and easily supported and manipulated with the hand, so that an operator may set rivets particularly of large size, rapidly without requiring the exercise of fatiguing manipulation. A machine or gun of this character will enable one operator to set a very large number of rivets without necessitating periodic cessations of operation and accordingly will reduce the riveting expense considerably.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid pressure booster system for a rivet setting mechanism, to the end that fluid under an extremely high pressure may be supplied to a small rivet setting gun, to thereby avoid the use of an unwieldy, larger, and heavier gun that would operate under a very much smaller fluid pressure to obtain generally the same results.

Another object of the invention is to provide a rivet setting mechanism employing fluid under pressure, which is so constructed and arranged that there will be a minimum loss of the fluid during rivet setting operations.

' may be entirelyj'fgoverndfbycontrol Another object or the invention is toprovide a rivet-setting system'in' which a small, light, and compact rivet settingg'un may belemployed, using fluid under 'veryjhigh pressure 'to {attain the necessary rive 1 s'etting{ force witha; small, 5 light gun, byprovidi *abooste r system that does not have to be carried byTthehand of thfe open ator, for greatly. ncreasingthe' effectivepes'sure from which 1 it follows; hat the'g'un may ave 10 minimum sizeand'welght'andfhencemay e more efficiently fo'r rivets without tiring the operator: I *3- eans' bn the rivet settingigun and-accordingly-[controlled at will by the operator manipulating' tlie regardless of thelo'o'ation "fthe booster or 's-" sure increasing mechanism." f 1 And in general (it isfa'n ob'ec'toftheinvention to provide a rivet settingf apparatus and; system which enables aki'ng t ej rivet d ning-gon small and light possiblejwhile still practically obtaining thehnecess'aryiorcesfrequired" et- 25 ting rivets particularlyiof 'large size-std thezend that an operator'oi may set ri. ets'ra'pidly and with precision'withou r g and atiguing manipulation of thejgun p 1 '1' .s

For a. better ,underst ding. of jizr e invention, 30 reference mayf be} hadfto f the acconipa'nyin drawings, constituting a part oi? the specifl on, in which:

Figure 1 i jl n i udinalic'm s-sfi of a rivet settingiguniconstructed one form of thieihvntion j Fig. 2 is anendviewfoithe'gun SM) 1, as seen fromthefleftendfthereof Fig. 3 is a'cross;sectionalfvi'ew on 'aflarger scale taken ant a l i lonst .8 3+3 9 E 881 Fig. 4 is a cros-section lview one larger cale taken substantially alcngtheline l-j -jl or Eig'Q-l; Pie 5 is s milar mamm l tak substantially along the line a ter Fig 1- Fig. 6 is a cross 'sectional view-on a larger scale, taken substantially alongithe line s-i io f'figf l; t Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one form of rivetwhich mayhesfl bylthefgun" shown in Fig. l, and thei mann'erin which-the rivet is initially associated with the 'struct' be riveted; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross sectionalview' of a booster mechanism iorobtaining a hl'gher fluid pressure regenera ing "the riw'et guiiFthanthat? ordinarily present mu u'ai-fli d ressur' lnesjf Fig. 10;

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view on a larger scale, taken substantially along line |3-|3 of A form of rivet which may be set by using the mechanism illustrated is shown by Fig. 7, and comprises a tubular female member ID having a head I at one end, and a male member 2 extending through the female member and having ahead l3 engaging that end of thelatteropposite the head Such male member projects beyond the head II and is provided with a grooved or threaded gripping portion l4, by means of which the male member may be pulled relative to the female member while holding the head stationary and against the structure being riveted. In this instance the structure being riveted comprises plates l5 and I6 having coinciding. openings adapted to receive the rivet and it will be understood that the rivet may be inserted through such openings from the outer side of plate l5 and that it may be set from the same side of the structure by pulling the male member and holding the head against the structure. When this operation is effected a bulb I! shown in broken lines, is formed from the tubular portion of the female member between the head l3 and the plate |6 which serves as a head against the inner side of the structure. It might be added that in the construction illustrated, the female member is provided with an end portion I8 of reduced radial thickness which is initially bulbed during the rivet setting operation as indicated at l9, to provide a reinforcement for the end of the female member during formation of the bulb II. The male member also has a groove 20 which ordinarily will be located substantially at the outer surface of the head II on the female member after the rivet is set and this groove is provided to so weaken the male member at this point, that a continued pull thereon will break it substantially at the outer surface of the head ll.

Now, referring to Fig. 1, the rivet setting gun, comprises a casting 22 having a cup-shaped portion 28, the side wall of which receives a cylinder bearing sleeve 24. A reciprocatory rod 25 pro- Jecting into the cylinder and through a piston 26 has a head 2! at its inner end engaging one side of the piston, and a threaded portion 28 at the other side of the piston. A lock nut 29 threaded on the portion 28 serves to hold the piston against the head 21, and such nut may be prevented from accidental turning by means of a wire extending partially around the nut in a groove therein, and projecting radially therethrough and into an opening in the threaded portlon of the rod. Cup washers 3| and 32 mounted on the outer marginal portion ofthe piston and secured thereto by bolts or fastening means 35, engage the bearing sleeve 24 in the cylinder. outwardly of the cylinder, the rod 25 slidably projects through a casting 35, secured by bolts 86 to the marginal, open end portion of the cylinder, and such casting has a central opening substantially larger than the rod to accommodate sealing packing 31 which is held in place and contracted about the rod by means of a collar 38 in the inner end of the casting, and a bushing 40 threaded into the casting and against the packmg.

A casting and a barrel 42 are secured to casting 35 by bolts 43 and within the barrel, the end of rod 25 is threaded into a head 44 having an enlarged cylindrical portion 45 slidable in the barrel. At this time, attention is directed to the provision of radial openings 39 in piston 26 which open outwardly to the cylinder wall 24 between the cup washers 3| and 32, and a peripheral groove 40' on the rod 25 within the piston, which communicates with the radial openings. A radial opening 4| also is provided in the rod at this point, which communicates with groove 40' and an elongated opening 42 in the rod, terminating at the left of packing 38 in a radial opening 43' opening into the barrel. An opening 44' in the barrel permits communication of all of these openings to the atmosphere, and particularly results in atmospheric pressure between cup washers 3| and 32, so that any air at the right side of piston 26 getting past washer 32 will become atmospheric in pressure, and would then not normally get past washer 8| into the oil.

The enlarged portion 45 of head 44 as shown by Fig. 13, has a side opening slot 46 at its opposite end, which is enlarged at its inner terminus as indicated at 46 for releasably receiving a pin 41 having a head 48 disposed in the enlarged portion of the slot. It will be noted that the axial length of the head 48 of pin 41 is less than the axial length of the enlarged portion 46 of the slot so that the head 44 may have limited axial movement relative to the pin. The pin is threaded into a member 49 in such relation thereto that when the head 44 engages the left side of the head 48, as when the rod 25 is pulled to the right. a space 50 will be provided between the head and member 49, which is at least as long axially as the space indicated at 50' between the head 48 and the right end of the enlarged part 46' of slot 46. For normally urging the member 49 and pin 41 away from the left end of head 44, a spring 5| is provided between the bushing 46 and the portion 45 of the head, which engages a loose collar 52 at the inner side of the portion 45, and this collar in turn presses against the ends of pins 53 loosely passing through such portion and engaging the end of member 49. The inner end of the member 49 has its outer surface threaded to receive the internally threaded end of a sleeve 54, which in its normal position abuts a collar 55 on the inner end of the member. To prevent turning of the sleeve 54 with respect to the member 49 and also to prevent turning of the sleeve and rod with respect to the barrel 42, a key 56 is slidably mounted in a keyway 51 formed in the inner surface of the barrel, and coinciding keyways in the collar 55 on member 4! and in the end wall of the sleeve 54 adjacent thereto.-

The outer end of the sleeve 54 as best shown by Fig. 3, has three jaw receivingsockets 58, 59 and 66, each of which is defined by a surface of cylindrical character. The surfaces defining these sockets, while cylindrical, have their respective axes inclined with respect to the center line of the sleeve 54, and converging toward the outer end of. the sleeve. Furthermore, the outer end of each socket preferably is defined by an are less than semi-cylindrical, whereas inwardly of the end and as shown by Fig. 4, each socket is defined by a gradually larger arc, which for a substantial distance is greater than semi-cylindrical. Each of the'sockets receives a law 6|! having an inner, curved gripping surface 8| having annular or spiral threads or grooves for gripping the threaded or grooved portion I4 of the male rivet member, and an outer cylindrical surface substantially complementary to the socket in which it is disposed. Like the socket, the cylindrical surface of the jaw preferably has a portion of greaterthan semi-cylindrical character so that the law is dovetailed into its socket. It

should be understood therefore, that each jaw ward the outerend of the sleeve, 'a helical spring G3 is provided between the sleeve 54 and the inner end of. the member 49, and around a reduced portion 64 of the latter, and this spring abuts the member-Nat one-end and the stool at its other end. The outerend of the barrel 42 is provided with an anvil 65 retained withinthe end of the barrel by swaging or spinning a flange on the latter: indicated at 55, around the side wall of the anvil. The anvilhasa central .opening, it has a'conical ing 66, the axis of which-coincides with theaxis of the sleeve 54, and the axis of vthe assembled jaws 60', and at the outer extremity of this openrecess 51. In setting one of therivets, the rivet is either. initially associated withthe. gun or with the structural plates .1 5 and i6, and then the gun is brou ht iuto its operative position with respect when the parts are thus arranged, the portion of the male member projecting beyond the head I i,

extends through the opening 65in the anvil plate and between the jaws illf. The. conical'recess s1 is adapted toengage the ead u on the female member. ,Normally when the male rivet member is inserted through the anvil plate and between the jaws, it will first pushthe-jaws rearwardly against theaction of the spring 63, and in view of. the dovetail arrangement of jaws and sockets,

the jaws mayexpand until the male member is properly disposed; between them and then the grooves on the jaws and male member will properly engage each other. The spring, applies slight gripping pressure to the jaws Bll'and then when the piston 28 moves to the right, the jaws aretightly clampedabout the malerivet member and then moved with the sleeve 54.,while the reactionary force is applied to the barrel and anvil to the head i l on the female member. As aconsequence the bulbs i9 and I1 are formed from the tubular portion at the inner side of the structure and after their formation the jaws continue to pull the male member until itbreaks at the groove 20 as previously described. For removing the broken partiof the male member, the stool 62 has a central aperture, the member has a similar aperture, and the sleeve 54 and barrel 4! have apertures 68 and 69m their side walls through which;the broken-rivet member may fall. 1: The recoil of the jawsafter'the malemember breaks will assist in freeing them from binding engagement with member 54, and in fact such recoil broken male pressedair line. j x a indicated respectively at ,15 and "I6 and together 1 form a part ofihe:

to the structure and part into the recess in the member 49 that it may fall out of the barrel, but ordinarily the broken male member will be retained between the jaws and itand the jaws maybe pushed rearwardly without dimculty' upon inserting another rivet thereinto to expand the jaws and allow the broken part to pass on through the jaws. In either event the broken male member portionpasses through the jaws, stool and member 49 and thenlaterally through the sleeve 54 and barrel 42. It maybe noted that the anvil 65 has a boss on its inner surfaceindicated at l0 which may be employed to limit the outward movement of the jaws although normally when the rivet is between them the jaws will not be in engagement with the boss.

Normally the parts are so related and arranged that with the .sleeve 54 substantially engaging the anvil 65, the piston 26 will be spaced from the casting 35, as indicated at 10', with the head 44 engagingthe pin head-48as shown, toleave spaces 50 and50' at the right side of the member 49 and head 48 respectively, so-that the piston could move to the left the axial length of the space 10' withoutfstriking a stop. This position of the piston is preferred as will hereinafterbe l d-w a: r,

For operating the piston 26in the cylinder, an arrangement has: been provided in which preferablyoil or similar fluid will befallowed tofjflow into the cylinder at theleft side of .the piston, under extremely high pressure,to[operatev the rivetgunin setting a rivet, whereas theopposite cation with a fiuid pressure line such as acornc asting 22, "and communicate [Ihis airline'and oil lineare sideof the piston preferably will be incommunie l8 respectively. p The pasting 22 also includes a part 19 which in conjunctionlwiththe portionot the casting in which the ,air line 'li is located, constitutes a handle 8|] for manual manipulation of the gun. Hand and ,fingerfgrips 8| .and '82 may be provided for,enabling an ciper'a',tor '.to

handle thegun efliciently ,Fo r controlling the air line, a trigger 8 4 is provided which is pivoted as indicated at 8 5 to lugsonthe casting and such trigger is normally held in itsinoperative position'by means of aspring j I the trigger is provided with a cam'portion 81 which, whe n thetrigger is pulled, is adapted to engage and push a valve pin 88 forming-part of 86. 1 Adjacent its pivot,"

a valve 89. .The; opposite end of the pin is adjustably threadedas indicated at Ell into a valve disc, 9| having-a marginal edge 920i sharp characteradapted ,to eng age a sealing ring 93; disposed in a groove in a valve seatand valve sleeve member 94. sleeve and valve seat element.

is held in place in an opening in the casting provided; therefor bymeans of a'threaded cap 95 which has openings 96 at-oppositesides to avoid interruption of-the air line 15. The ,ya1ve\9l at circumferentially,spaced points has side ribs 91 94 has a", laterallyfextending opening municatln'g .Withv the atmosphere-so that when the valve'disc al." Below the valve seatthe sleeve cylinder head I I4.

the valve is open the air line 15 is open to the atmosphere.

Now referring to Fig. 8, it will be noted that the oil line 18 is connected to one end of an elongated, relatively small barrel H0, and the latter, the conduit I8, the passageway I5 in the gun, and the space at the left side of the piston 25, normally are filled with the oil or a suitable other liquid. Adjacent its opposite end, the barrel has a bearing sleeve I I I which serves as a bearing for a plunger H2 reciprocatory in the barrel, and such barrel is secured by means of bolts II3 to a A second cylinder head H5 is spaced from the head I I4 and between the heads, a cylinder wall II! is secured, by means of outwardly turned flanges H8 and H9, having outwardly converging side surfaces, and semi-circular clamping rings I20 and I2I employed to draw the wall and cylinder head tightly together. The rings I20 and I2I as shown by Figs. 9, 10 and 11, are clamped together at their ends by means of bolts I22.

Packing I08 is provided in the barrel and cylinder head along the plunger to prevent the escape of fluid along the latter, and this packing preferably includes several rings I09, concave in cross section, disposed next to cylinder Ill, and several reversely disposed rings 0' next to the barrel H0. The rings I09 are peculiarly adapted to prevent air in cylinder II I from flowing past the plunger into the barrel H0, whereas rings H0 are better adapted to prevent the escape of oil into the cylinder I II. To further assist in preventing air from cylinder II'! from flowing into the barrel IIO, a metal ring III, radially apertured as indicated at I I2 is disposed between certain of the rings I09 and the apertures II2' communicate by means of openings H3 and H4 in the cylinder head H4 and barrel flange to the atmosphere. Accordingly, should air from cylinder II'I flow past some of the packing rings I09, it would then become atmospheric in pressure. Accordingly, any air tending to get past packing rings 0' will be atmospheric in pressure, and normally such packing rings will prevent air under such pressure from entering the barrel.

When the plunger I I2 is moving to the left, the oil will be under considerable pressure, and this pressure naturally would also prevent air from passing packing rings IIO'. When the plunger is moving to the right, the oil in the barrel may be under pressure also as a result of air pressure at the right of piston 26, subjecting the oil at the left thereof to similar pressure, and forcing it into the barrel H0. This pressure ordinarily may be more than atmospheric, but even if it were less, the packing II 0' would prevent the atmospheric air around openings H2 in collar III from getting into the barrel.

Referring again to Fig. 8, the inner end of plunger II 2 is secured to a. piston I 23 which at its outer margin is provided with leather or other suitable cup washers I24 and I25 secured to the margin of the piston by means of bolts I26. It will be noted that the piston I23 in its extreme right end position may engage abutments I21 on the inner side of the head II 6, and that a space is provided between the piston and head.

It might be explained at this time that the area of the piston I23 is very much greater than the area of the end face of the plunger I I2 in the barrel I I0, and it follows that if fluid under pressure flows into the space between the head H5 and the piston I23, to move the piston to the left,

the pressure on the oil or fluid in the barrel H0 and hence at the left side of the piston 26 in the rivet gun. shown by Fig. 1, will be very much greater. In this manner an air pressure at the right side of piston I23 may be transformed into a pressure on the oil in the barrel at a very much higher pressure, as for example, from an 80 pound per square inch air pressure to a three thousand pound per square inch oil pressure in the barrel.

Now referring to Figs. 8, 10 and 11, it will be noted that the cylinder head H6 is integral with a valve housing I30 located at its outer side, and this housing encloses four valves I 3I, I32, I 33 and I34, the valves I3I and I32 being disposed above and spaced with respect to the valves, I33 and I34. Such valves are similar to the valve employed in the rivet gun previously described, and include pins I36, I31, I38 and I39, the ends of which project into an elongated space I40 between the valves. The space in valve I32 above the valve seat therein, is in communication with a flexible air pressure line I4I which may be connected to any suitable source of compressed air or for that matter other fluid pressure. Now as best shown by Figs. 8 and 10, the space above the valve seat in valve I32 also communicates by means of a by-pass I42 to the space at the lower side of the valve seat in valve I 34. Therefore, both valves I32 and I34 at that side of the valve opposite the valve seat, are in direct communication with the air supply line I. The space in valve I32 below the valve seat therein, communicates by means of a passageway I43 shown by Figs. 8 and 10, directly with the space between the cylinder head H5 and the piston I23. The space at the upper side of the valve seat in valve I34 communicates by means of a. pipe I45 with the space at the left side of the piston I 23, as seen by Fig. 8, and preferably a pressure reducing valve I45 will be used in this line, to minimize the amount of air used in moving piston I23 to the right, following the rivet setting operation. The space at the upper side of the valve seat in valve I3I communicates directly with the space at the inner side of the cylinder head H6, by means of an opening I45, shown by Fig. 10, extending through the valve casing wall to the inner side of the cylinder head, similarly to the opening I43. The space at the lower side of the valve seat in valve I3I communicates directly with the atmosphere by means of an opening I41 as shown by Fig. 10. The space at the lower side of the valve seat in valve I 33 communicates by means of a conduit I with the left side of the cylinder I23 as shown by Fig. 8, while the space at the opposite side of the valve seat in this valve, communicates directly with the atmosphere by means of an opening I 5I shown by Fig. 10.

For operating the valve as seen in Fig. 11, a portion of the valve casting I30 comprises a cylinder I having a piston I56 therein, connected to a piston rod I51. The latter hasa reduced portion I50 slidably extending through awbearingplate I59 at the right end of the cylinder, and suchreduced portion extends through the space I40 betwen the upper pair and lower pairs of valve stems. The opposite end. of the stem is slidably mounted in a bushing I60, releasably secured in an offset portion I SI of the valve housing, by means of a split ring I62 seated in a groove in the wall of the offset portion. To prevent the building up of any air pressures in the space I40, the bushing I has a vent I 63 communicating with such space and the atmosphere. In such space I44, the reduced rod portion I58 is provided with oppositely disposed conical portionsl64 and I65 so spaced that the portion I64 may engage and open the valves I3I and I34 while the other valves remain closed, and the portion I65 may open the valves I32 and I33 while leaving the valves I3I and I34 closed. A spring I10 at the right side of the piston I56 normally tends to urge It to the left end of the cylinder and hence to open valves I32 and I33 and to close valves I3I and I34. The space in the cylinder I55 at the left side of the piston as best shown by Figs. 10 and 12, com-.

municates with the conduit 11 extending to the air line 15 of the rivet gun. Also through a wall of this cylinder at the left end thereof, air under pressure may flow from the by-pass I42 in the valve shown by Fig. 10, through a passageway I12 and an adjustable valve I13 controlling the effective size of an opening I14 in the wall of the cylinder. The passageway I12 also communicates with a metering valve I15 which permits a very small flow of air into the left end of the cylinder. tit will be closed when the piston I56 has moved a certain distance to the left and when this is closed, it will be apparent that the metering valve will still permit a small flow of air into the space at the left side of the piston.

It should be understood that the space at the left of piston 25, the passageway 18, the conduit 15 and barrel 5 iii are filled with oil, and this may eilected by removing a plug I80 threaded into casting 35. When the oil space is filled, it is preferred, as stated previously, that piston 26 be spaced as indicated at 10, from casting 35 as this relation allows member 54 in the barrel 42 to substantially engage anvil 65. While a greater space 10 would result in member 54 slightly leaving the anvil 65, this would'still normally permit operation of the gun. The space 10 permits, if necessary, movement of the piston 26 to the left, to compensate for any oil loss, although normally little if any oil will escape. Should oil escape, it may be readily replaced through plug I80, so that at practically all times the desirable amount of oil in the system may be maintained. Having an arrangement and quantity of oil which leaves piston 26 spaced from casting 35 when piston I23 is at the right end of its stroke, also insures that the oil at the left of piston 26 will be under pressure when air is moving the latter piston to the left. While this pressure on the oil then is similar to the air pressure at the right of piston 26, it is greater than atmospheric pressure and accordingly any air getting between the cup washers 3| and 32 will be kept out of the oil space at the left of the piston. Keeping air' out of the oil system is preferable as the fluid therein may then be maintained substantially incompressible.

The operation of the system will now be described, assuming that the parts arein their respective. positions as shown in the figures and a rivet to be set has been inserted between the laws of the gun and through the openings in the structure to be riveted. The piston 26 in the gun is to the left of the cylinder 24 while the piston I23 in the booster shown by Fig. 8 is at'the right end of the cylinder. Also it will be noted that the I air under pressureline I4I through the by-pass I42, and the passageway I12 as shown by Fig. 10, is connected to the conduit 11 and hence air under pressure is at the right side of the piston 26 in the rivet Now upon pulling the trigger 64 of'ithe gun; the valve disc 3| is unseated thus connecting the passage through the opening IIII. w l allow air It will be noted that the passageway the latter will move reducing the pressure of the I45, a very much smaller 15 to the atmosphere to exhaust from the right side of the piston 26, and from the passageway 15 and cylinder I55 and hence for an instant will directly connect the air line I with the atmosphere. The reduction in pressure that follows at the left side of the piston I56 is such that the spring I10 causes the piston to move to the left and this movement will occur until the piston practically reaches the left end of the cylinder, although a slight air pressure may prevent engagement of the piston with the end of the cylinder. This movement of the pistoncloses the port I14 and therefore prevents the escape of any large quantity of air under pressure to the atmosphere although the air line still will be connected to the atmosphere through the small metering valve I15 but this is not objectionable because the amount of air escaping will be small. The movement of the piston causes the piston rod I51 and hence the valve operating elements I64 and I65 to move to the left and this will result in a closing of valves I3! and I34 and an opening of valves I32 and I 33. As valve I32 opens, the air line is connected directly to the right side of the piston I23 while the left side of the piston through the conduit I50 will be opened to the atmosphere. under pressure then will flow against the piston I23 and cause it to move to the left and the oil in the barrel H and in the parts of the rivet gun at the left of the piston 26 will be subjected to pressure by the plunger H2. The high pressure of the oil naturally will cause the piston 26 to moveto the right and during its movement the rivet will be set in the manner previously indicated. Following setting of the rivet, and'release of the trigger 64, the valve 0| will close thus closing the opening IN to the atmosphere which allowed the air in the conduit 11 and at the left side of the piston I56 to exhaust. Shortly thereafter, enough air will have metered through the valve M to move the piston I56 to the right sufiiciently to open the port I14 side of the piston I23 will'exhaust through the opening I46, then through the valve and through theopening I5I communicating with the atmosphere. As a result the piston I23 will move to the right and owing partly to this movement, and to the air pressure on the right side of piston 26, to the 'left and the oil will flow in a reverse direction into the barrel IIO as the plunger moves to the right end thereof. It is manifest that little pressure will be required to move the piston I23 to the right and that the pressure of the fluid need not be high, andthat in fluid. as it flows through the valve quantity of air is used to return the parts to their normal and inoperative positions.

It will be evident from the tion that a highly efllcient system for applying rivets of the general character described has been provided to the end that rivets may be set ciently and rapidly by a single operator. apparent that the rivet gun provided may be very light, small, and compact, and that it may be readily operated by a single operator who may hold it without difficulty. It is also apparent that an extremely high pressure for operating the rivet gun' may be obtained and this is also instrumental in permitting the use of a light, compact foregoing descripgun inasmuch as the piston and cylinder in the gun need not be large because of the extremely high oil pressure obtainable. It is moreover apparent that the operation of the entire system is controlled by a single trigger which the operator may manipulate by the same hand that grips the gun. In a system of this character it is quite probable that the gun will be operated at a considerable distance from the booster shown by Fig. 8 although the latter may be moved along by means of a platform and a castor and wheels won which it may be mounted. In lieu of mounting the booster shown by Fig; 8 on a platform or other support, it is quite possible that it might be carried by the operator on his back although ordinarily it probably will be mounted so that it may be moved from place to place without difllculty. The system of course is highly advantageous in that a single operator may set rivets large or small with maximum speed for the reason that he has a highly efllcient type of gun,

and that it is light, wieldy and readily manipulated without fatiguing eflort."

Although only one form of the invention has been described and illustrated in detail it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modiflcations may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending: therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for gripp g the'shank and pulling it, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a fluid pressure supply line, a remote pressure boosting device connected to the supply line, fluid pressure line connections between the device and mechanism, and means on the mechanism for controlling the rivet setting operation and operation of the pressure boosting device.

2. A rivet. setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for gripping the shank and pulling it, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a conduit connected to the mechanism at one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, fluid receiving means remote with respect to the mechanism and connected to the conduit, means cooperating with the last means for forcing the fluid therefrom or drawing the fluid thereinto, to operate the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, and means on the mechanism for governing such cooperating means.

3. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a conduit connected to the mechanism at one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, means remote with respect to the mechanism and connected to the conduit for receiving fluid under pressure, means cooperating with the last means for causing a reciprocatory movement of the same fluid in the conduit, and means on the mechanism for controlling the flow 01' said fluid.

4. A rivet setting. apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for gripping and pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means remote with respect to the mechanism, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the last means at one side thereof, a conduit connected to said last means at the other side thereof and also connected to the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, and means for controlling operation of the remote fluid pressure responsive means including an operable element on the mechanism.

I 5. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, movable means in the mechanism for gripping the shank and pulling it, means for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means connected to the movable means, a, pressure boosting device positioned remotely with respect to the mechanism, a fluid under pressure supply line connected to the device, and fluid conducting means connected to the device and mechanism, and means for controlling the operation of the boosting device.

6. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, movable means in the mechanism for gripping the shank vand pulling it, means for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means connected to the movable means, a pressure boosting device positioned remotely with respect to the .nechanism, a fluid under pressure supply line connected to the device, fluid conducting means connected to the device and mechanism, and means on the mechanism for controlling the operation of the booster device.

7. A rivet setting apparatus for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, which comprises movable means in the apparatus for gripping and pulling the shank of the rivet, means for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means connected i the movable means, a pressure boosting device, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the device, fluid conducting means connected to the device and to the mechanism one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, and means on the mechanism for controlling the operation of the boosting device.

8. A fluid pressure operated riveting apparatus comprising a riveting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a remotely located pressure boosting device, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the boosting device. a conduit connected to the boosting device and to the mechanism in communication with the-space at one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, means operatively connecting the fluid pressure supply line to a passageway in the mechanism, and means for controlling operating of the boosting device through actuation of a single manually operated valve adapted to connect or disconnect such passageway with respect to the atmosphere.

9. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a riveting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a pressure boosting device located remotely with respect to the mechanism,

a conduit connecting the pressure boosting device to the mechanismat one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, a fluid pressure supply line connected to thepressure boosting device, means operatively connecting the fluid pressure supply" line to a passageway in the mechanism, and means for controlling operation of the boosting device through actuation of a single manually operated means on the mechanism adapted to connect or disconnect such passageway with respect to the atmosphere.

10. A rivet setting apparatus for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough which is set by pulling the shank and applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, which comprises a casing, fluid pressure responsive means in the casing, means operatively connected to the fluid pressure responsive means for gripping and pulling the shank, means on the casing for applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, means for supplying fluid under pressure to one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, and means supplying fluid under a difierent pressure to the other side of said fluid responsive means.

11. A rivet setting apparatus for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough which is set by pulling the shank and applying the reactionary force to one of the tubular members, which comprises a casing, fluid pressure responsive means in the casing, means operatively connected to the fluid pressure responsive means for gripping and pulling the shank, means on the casing for applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, means for supplying liquid under pressure to one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, and means for supplying fluid under a diflerent pressure to the opposite side of said fluid pressure responsive means.

12. A rivet setting apparatus for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough which is set by pulling the 1 shank and applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, which comprises a casing, fluid pressure responsive means in the casing, means operatively connected to the fluid pressure responsive means for gripping and pulling the shank, means on the casing for applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, a fluid pressure supply line, means operatively connecting the supply line to the casing including a fluid pressure boosting device, and means operatively mounted on the casing for controlling the operation of the fluid responsive means and the boosting device.

13. A rivet setting apparatus for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough which is set by pulling the shank and applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, which comprises a mechanism adapted to be supported by the hand, afluid pressure supply line, a remote pressure boosting device connected to the supply line, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, means operatively coniiected to the fluid pressure responsive means for gripping and pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, flexible fluid pressure line connections between the device and mechanism, and means on the mechanism for controlling the rivet setting operation and operation of the pressure boosting device. I r

14. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a rivet setting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a fluid pressure boosting device, fluid conducting connections between the booster device and mechanism, a fluid pressure supply line for supplying fluid to the booster device, and means for controlling the operation of the boosting device through actuation of a single manually controlled means for communicating said supply line with the atmosphere.

15. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending through the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a fluid pressure boosting device, fluid conducting connections between the booster device and the mechanism, a fluid pres sure supply line for supplying fluid to the booster device, a valve on the booster device for controlling its operation, and means rendering said valve operable by fluid pressure.

16. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending through the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a fluid pressure boosting device, fluid conducting connections between the booster device and mechanism, a fluid pressure supply line for supplying fluid to the booster device, and means operableby fluid pres sure for controlling the supplying of fluid under pressure to the booster device. A

17. A fluid pressure operated riveting apparatus for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, comprising a mechanism for setting the rivet, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a remotely located pressure boosting device, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the booster device, means on the booster device for controlling the supplying of fluid under pressure to the boosting device, and means on the mechanism and operatively connected to the last mentioned means for remotely controlling operation of the latter.

18. A fluid pressure operated riveting apparatus comprising a mechanism for settingarivetincluding a tubular member andashank extending therethrough,'fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the m chanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a remotely located pressure boosting device, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the booster device, fluid pressure operative means on the booster device for controlling the supplying of fluid under pressure to the boostor device, and means on the mechanism and operatively connected to the last mentioned means for remotely controlling operation of the latter.

19. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure es'ii'onsive means in the mechanism for pulling the-shank, meanson the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a remotely located fluid pressure boosting device, a fluid connecting line between the booster device and the mechanism for supplying fluid under pressure to the fluid pressure responsive means, and means including a fluid conducting line extending between the booster device and mechanism for controlling operation of the device and the mechanism.

20. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a remotely located fluid pressure boosting device, a fluid connecting line between the booster device and the mechanism for supplying fluid under pressure to the fluid pressure responsive means, a fluid pressure supply line, a valve for controlling the supply of fluid from said supply line to the booster, a fluid conducting line connecting the valve and the mechanism, control means on the mechanism for opening and closing said last mentioned fluid line to the atmosphere, and means operatively connecting the valve and the fluid pressure supply line to cause operation of the valve upon operation of said control means on the mechanism.

21. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for pulling the shank, means on the mechanism for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member, a remotely located fluid pressure boost ing device, a fluid conducting line extending between the boosting device and mechanism, a movable valve on the booster device for controlling the supplying of fluid under pressure thereto, a flu d pressure supply line connected to the valve, balanced pressure means for holding the valve in one position, and means for changing the balanced pressure condition so as to cause movement of the valve, said last mentioned means including a control element on the mechanism.

22. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a rivet setting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a fluid pressure boosting device, a fluid conducting line connecting the high pressure side of the booster device to one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the low side of the booster device, a fluid conducting line operatively connected to said fluid pressure supply line and to the opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, and means for governing operation of the booster device through changing of the pressure in said fluid conducting line connected to said opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism.

23. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a rivet setting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a fluid pressure boosting device a fluid conducting line connecting the high pressure side'of the booster device to one side oi the fluid pressure responsive means, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the low side oi the booster device, a fluid conducting line operatively connected to said fluid pressure supply line and to the opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, and means for governing operation of the booster device through changing of the pressure in said fluid conducting line connected to said opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, said last mentioned governing means including a valve on the mechanism for opening or closing the line to exhaust.

24. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a rivet setting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a fluid pressure boosting device, a fluid conducting line connecting the high pressure side of the booster device to one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the low side of the booster device, a fluid conducting line operatively connected to said fluid pressure supply line and to the opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, and means for governing operation of the booster device through changing of the pressure in said fluid conducting'line connected to said opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, said last mentioned governing means including a valve on the mechanism for opening or closing the line to exhaust, and a movable valve on the booster device controlled by said change in pressure.

25. A riveting machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough wherein the shank is adapted to be pulled while applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, which comprises a casing, means on the casing for engaging the end of the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means in the casing, movable means for gripping the shank, and a play permitting connection between said movable means and the fluid pressure responsive means for enabling limited movement of the fluid pressure responsive means relatively to the gripping means.

26. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a rivet setting mechanism, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a fluid pressure boosting device, a fluid conducting line connecting the high pressure side of the booster device to one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, a fluid pressure supply line connected to the low side of the booster device, a fluid conducting line operatively connected to said fluid pressure supply line and to the opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, means 4 for governing operation of the booster device through changing of the pressure in said fluid conducting line connected to said opposite side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, and resilient means normally urging the gripping means away from the fluid pressure responsive means.

27. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a remotely located fluid pressure boosting device, a fluid conducting line connecting the high pressure side of the booster device to one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, a second fluid conducting line extending from the mechanism to the booster device, and means on the mechanism and associated with the second fluid conducting line for controlling operation of the booster device.

28. A riveting machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member and a shank extending therethrough, wherein the shank is adapted to be pulled while applying the reactionary force to one end of the tubular member, which comprises a casing, means on the casing for engaging the end of the tubular member, fluid pressure responsive means in the casing, movable means for pulling the shank, a play permitting connection between the movable means and the fluid pressure responsive means, and resilient means normally urging the movable and fluid pressure responsive means into a relation where the play is eliminated.

29. In combination, a fluid actuated riveting mechanism adapted to be manually carried and manipulated, pressure developing means located remotely to the mechanism, flexible fluid line connections between the mechanism and pressure developing means, valve means adjacent the pressure developing means for controlling the supplying of fluid under pressure to the mechanism, and means including a control on the mechanism for governing operation of said valve means, the operation of the mechanism and the supplying of fluid pressure thereto depending only on operation of said control on the mechanism.

30. In combination, a rluid actuated riveting mechanism adapted to be manually carried and manipulated and including fluid pressure responsive means, liquid pressure developing means located remotely to the mechanism, a flexible fluid line connecting the pressure developing means and mechanism and communicating with one side of the fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, valve means adjacent the pressure developing means for alternately connecting the fluid line to the pressure side of the pressure developing means or to exhaust, and means including a control element on the mechanism for operating the valve means, the operation of said mechanism and the supplying and exhausting of fluid through said line depending only on operation of said control.

31. In combination, a fluid actuated riveting mechanism adapted to be manually carried and manipulated, pressure developing means located remotely to the mechanism, flexible fluid line connections between the mechanism and pressure developing means, movable means adjacent the pressure developing means for governing the supplying of fluid under pressure to the mechanism, and means including a control on the mechanism for controlling the operation of said movable means, the operation of the mechanism and the supplying of fluid pressure thereto depending only on operation of said control on the mechanism.

32. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a fluid actuated riveting mechanism adapted to be manually carried and manipulated, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism for actuating it, flexible fluid conducting means connected to the mechanism and communicating with one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, fluid pressure developing means located remotely to the mechanism, valve means for connecting the pressure developing means to the fluid conducting means so as to either allow fluid under pressure to flow to the mechanism or to exhaust therefrom, and means including a control on the meshanism for operating said valve means by remote control at the mechanism whereby operation of the control on the mechanism controls the valve means and therefore operation of the mechanism.

33. In combination, a fluid actuated riveting mechanism adapted to be manually carried and manipulated, fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, flexible fluid conducting lines connected to the mechanism at opposite sides of the fluid pressure responsive means, means located remotely to the mechanism for supplying fluid under pressure to the conducting lines, valve means adjacent the latter means and perativeiy connected to the conducting lines for allowing fluid under pressure to be supplied to either line and simultaneously exhaust from the other, and means including a control on the mechanism for remotely controlling the operation of the valve means.

34. A machine for setting rivets comprising a mechanism including fluid pressure responsive means and parts operated by the latter for applying forces in opposite directions for setting the rivet, a remote source of fluid under pressure, flexible fluid line connections connecting the source to the mechanism for operating the pressure responsive means, a valve at the source for controlling the flow of fluid under pressure through the connections, manually operable control means on the mechanism, and means for causing actuation of the valve upon operation of the manual control means on the mechanism.

35. A rivet setting apparatus comprising a mechanism for setting a rivet and including fluid pressure responsive means in the mechanism, a flexible conduit connected to the mechanism at one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, fluid receiving means remote with respect to the mechanism and connected to the conduit, means cooperating with the last means for forcing fluid therefrom or drawing the fluid thereinto, to operate the fluid pressure responsive means ln the mechanism, and means on the mechanism for governing such cooperating means.

.36. In combination, fluid pressure boosting means including a cylinder and piston, a second cylinder and piston wherein the piston eflects less displacement per unit of travel than the first piston, means for moving the second piston upon movement of the first piston, a source of fluid pressure, valve means adapted to admit fluid under pressure to one side of the first piston or to allow fluid at such side to exhaust, a third cylinder and piston remote with respect to the first and second cylinders and valve means, flexible fluid conduit means connecting the second and third cylinders, and means located on the third cylinder for causing remote operation of said valve means, whereby the valve means can be operated to cause fluid pressure to act against the flrst piston to displace fluid in the second cylinder through the conduit means so as to actuatethe third piston.

LOUIS C. HUCK. GEORGE I. CHAPMAN. 

